Paper 1 Practice

Paper 1 “Why Fight For Russia”

The following extract that I have received is a leaflet, or one could see it as a brochure. This is decided due to the structure of the extract as well as the heading of the extract, which seems to be advertising the author’s point of view. On the bottom of the page, certain information was given to us about the extract received indicating that the following extract is a leaflet made by a British pacifist in 1914. Since the extract talks about fighting and due to the date given to us, we can now understand that this leaflet revolves around the First World War. This essay is an attempt to analyze this extract identifying the author’s purpose and intended audience as well as different persuasive language and also differ literary features that the author has used in the leaflet provided to us.

As we already understand from reading the text, the extract is a leaflet given to British soldiers as well as the British general public, persuading them to not fight with Russia and not fight the war in the first place. It also attempts to persuade the people to protest against thee war. From this we can then go to understand the purpose of this leaflet is to inform the general public as well as the soldiers about the author’s true opinions on Russia, as well as to persuade the people that fighting in this war would be against British morals. The leaflet talks about Russia’s unethical values so this then helps us understand the purpose of the extract. We can also learn who the authors intended audience are, which from what we already know, are the British general public as well as British soldiers. We can see this from the authors attempt to inform and educate the public and the British army as well as the general public, and the due to the author explaining to the army to not fight with Russia and to not fight the war if they can, and to protest against the war.

As we have learnt from the previous paragraph as well as from the information given to us on from the extract, we come to understand the extract is a leaflet or a brochure which acts as an advertisement used to advertise the authors ideas and point of views about Russia and why he believes that fighting with Russia and fighting in this war is unethical and goes against British morals. He also talks about how the Russians go against all of the British ideologies about liberty and justice, due to the fact that he talks about how the Russians treat their soldiers and how they don’t match the British ideologies of the western world. The leaflet goes on to explain how the country they should side with if they are forced to fight , are the Germans due to their similarities  and how the Russians are different to the Germans and they they are slaves of a corrupt autocracy and they are just violent people in genera and they again go against British ideologies of liberty and justice. The author goes on to explain how he is against the what and actually persuading the general public to take part in protests against England taking part in the war.

As we can see from reading the extract that the author uses a persuasive as well as an informative tone. This is a sort of tone that a teacher would use with their students. The author uses a type of vocabulary that most people would understand and doesn’t use any complicated words, thus we can understand that he is attempting to communicate with everyone in the general public from all different educational levels. The author also uses a large, bold font to catch the readers eye and to grab their attention as he uses sentences such as “A WAR for Russia is a War Against Civilization”, as well as “British Stand Clear”. These types of phrases draw the reader into reading the leaflet and make the leaflet seem more interesting that it actually is. It also shows and acts as if the leaflet is trying to inform the people of a really important situation and a crucial piece of information. The author uses a interesting title that say simply “Why fight for Russia?”, Which then makes the audience curious as to find out what the answer of this rhetorical question is as it has been on peoples minds as thy observe the leaflet to read the authors point of views. It also makes then curious as they want to see if the authors point of view might change their opinion about the war or not.  This then sets an educational mood and it seems as if the audience are learning something and gaining information about Russia’s true colors. It also sets an opinionated tone, which then causes the audience to change their point of view on the war itself.

The author uses many literary devices as well as persuasive language to aid in his persuasion of the British public and the soldiers in not fighting the war as well as not fighting with Russia. The author uses logos as he explains and talks about the amount of money they spent. They also use logos later on as the author explains the amount of Germans compared to the amount of Russians to show they if they ere to fight the war, they had to fight with Germany as they are outnumbered. The author also uses pathos as he explains the audience about the similarities between them and the Germans and how that the Germans are outnumbered thus persuading them to , if they had to fight the war, to side with Germany. The author uses Rhetorical questions to keep the audience thinking and interested to find the answer. The author uses rhetorical questions such as “ What is Russia”, and “Why fight for Russia”. The author uses persuasive language to help in shaping the audience’s opinion about Russia. The author also uses persuasive language as he explains how Russia are cruel not only to others, but also to their own people and how that goes against the British ideologies of justice and liberty. The author then uses ethos as he identifies how the Russians are unethical thus instigating an ethical appeal.

The author uses and unorganised structure of different paragraphs which shows unprofessionalism in the leaflet. He also uses bold and large font titles to help catch the reader’s attention as they receive the leaflet or walk past the leaflet on the street.  The author uses a simple, easily read sized font that is easy to read so that the general public could read the information with no constraints and helps connect with the audience in an easier way. The author also doesn’t use too many words and keeps his information simple and goes straight to the point so that the audience doesn’t get bored whilst reading the leaflet.

In conclusion, we have reviewed the audience and purpose and that the author used this leaflet to help persuade the audience and help shape the audience’s opinion in order to match his. The authors use of literary devices as well as persuasive language has been explained and how the author used the persuasive language in order to persuade the audience that his point of views and ideas about the war and about Russia are the right ideas and the better opinion.  

Media bias post

The prompt that I have chosen to write about is if it is acceptable for a government to try to shape public opinion through information campaigns. I disagree with this statement for many reasons. I don't strongly disagree either due to the fact that there could be a reason for the government to try to shape the publics opinion for a positive reason. After reading the article about the friendly fire that occurred and was covered up by the government to help maintain the positive image of the US military, and watching the documentary as well as analysing the leaflet, I then formed my true opinion on the matter as well as the statement, and in this blogpost I will be discussing these reasons thoroughly.

The article shows how stubborn the government were in this situation due to the fact that friendly fire occurs in wars, it is a normal thing and is seen as a mistake. After the incident occurred where Pat Tillman was shot down by his own troops in a friendly fire situation, the U.S government should have informed the Pat's mother about the incident exactly as it occurred as the mother and the family had an absolute right to know how her son died, especially in an incident like this. The mother had every reason to rant and write a book about the situation. The way that the media manipulated the public and shaping its opinion the U.S army shows the negative aspect of the statement. If the government told the public as well as the family the truth as it is, the publics opinion about the army would have completely changed.

We then watched a documentary called "Control Room", I realised how the media as well as the government would go so far to be able to shape the publics opinions in a certain way. In the documentary, I observed how Al Jazeera were being accused of siding the Arab public and were accused of "lying" as well as "shaping" their news so that the public only get one side of the story. The were also said to falsely accuse the Americans of performing in acts that they were predominantly not a part of. This caused the Arab public to grow hate towards Americans as well as the army. The Americans were wrong to an extent, not the extent to which Al Jazeera were reporting.

I then read a leaflet that was given to the British army during world war 1 as an attempt to help convince the soldiers to not help fight with Russia during the war. The truth is that the government should not give the people one side of the story and ask them to choose sides when they have no information or any clue about the other side. The government as well as the media, should give the people both sides of the story, and then ask them to choose sides so at least they are aware and would be able to choose according to what they believe to be true.

Media Biased Article

ISIS and the Lonely Young American

This pastiche is about an article written in the New York times about a girl who, on internet, started communicating with a man name Faisal who was apparently 51 and married. From the article we understand that Faisal was trying to convert this girl named Alex to islam. He eventually succeeded and from the article we can see that the girl doesn't seem to be that old. From the heading we can see how this article is going to regard the Islamic State in a certain way, even though that the man himself might be and extremist, but does not seem to meet the criteria of an ISIS member. He is considered to be an extremist due to the fact that the article mentions how the man used to experiment with bombs.

"For months, she had been growing closer to a new group of friends online — the most attentive she had ever had — who were teaching her what it meant to be a Muslim. Increasingly, they were telling her about the Islamic State and how the group was building a homeland in Syria and Iraq where the holy could live according to God’s law.

One in particular, Faisal, had become her nearly constant companion, spending hours each day with her on Twitter, Skype and email, painstakingly guiding her through the fundamentals of the faith.

But when she excitedly told him that she had found a mosque just five miles from the home she shared with her grandparents in rural Washington State, he suddenly became cold."

 The man started to drop off presents at her house which included head scarfs and other islamic gifts such as books and prayer mats. He also started sending her link on how to properly wear a head scarf and how to pray. Bare in mind that Alex has never met a muslim in person in her life. She then agrees to convert to Islam and publicly announces it on twitter.

This then cause many complications due to the fact that the man was able to change her belief into thinking that ISIS was a good organization and that all of her other christian followers on twitter and all her non muslim friends were are infidels and they were people that she shouldnt be around.

She was then accused of being a spy which cause many complications for her and her family.

The language being used in the article is seen to be as negative as the author uses a negative tone to explain the situation. I and most people would agree that the situation is wrong, but the way that the situation is expressed is seen as over exaggerated and that the whole situation is held out of proportion.

IOC practice 2

file:///Users/apple/Music/iTunes/iTunes%20Media/Voice%20Memos/20151002%20172003.m4a

IOC practice

file:///Users/apple/Downloads/20150928%20225446.m4a

This is Water response.

In the essay This is Water, David Foster suggests that true freedom acquired through education is the ability to be adjusted, conscious and sympathetic. He uses this thesis statement in his essay and helps develop this thesis statement by using everyday examples which one would be able to relate to whilst reading this essay. He uses these examples in an attempt to make what he is trying to say much simpler, due to the fact that the point that he is trying to shed light on might not get across to all people who are reading this essay. He also uses metaphors to make it easier for the reader to relate to. 

As i have mentioned before, David tries to shed light on his statement by using metaphors and examples which are crucial in the understanding of the essay. More importantly, David is trying to send an important message across to his readers, that there is more to life than yourself. He tries to explain that one must understand that life isn't only about you and that your life doesn't just revolve around your own experiences. He tries to explain that in order to be happy, one must put himself in other people's shoes, to know that there is another world that you must enter that revolves around another individual. A person must learn that he must look at both sides of the road before crossing the road of judgment. Meaning that a person must think twice before judging someone due to the fact that you are incapable off reading other people's minds thus you cannot make a judgment about how tough their lives are and the daily hardships that they have to put up with. Before you start complaining about how long the line at the store is, realise that you are not the only person waiting in line and that there are other people waiting in line too just like you are. David uses plenty of metaphors and examples in order to further explain to the audience his statement. One example he uses in the beginning of the story is the fish example, where two young fish meet an older fish who asks them "how is the water", the two young fish then go on to reply by saying "what the hell is water?". After reading through the story, one realises that what the author means by 'water' is that in this scene, water is the representation of life. Thus you can think of it as the older fish asking the younger fish "hows life". The fact that the two young fish seemed quite confused by this question, proves just how complicated life really is, and the daily issues one must go through without even knowing what is the real purpose of life and how complex and mis understood life really is. Literature in a sense, helps readers deal with real life situations which might seem confusing and complex, through reading enough literature, one starts to learn strategies and ways of how to deal with daily life situations and complications. This shows that literature is truly one of the most beneficial aspects of education.        

Munro Literature Reflection

The study of literature teaches people many different skills which they can use daily or in the future such as how they can react to different situations. Literature also allows readers to deal with situations indirectly and they tend to think what would the character do if they were in the readers position or vice versa. Literature allows students to use their minds as they analyse characters thus strengthening their thinking skills just like other subjects like maths or physics. Literature helps students think critically and they don't only analyse characters but they analyse the characters surroundings and the authors surroundings and how the book could relate to the author's life. This sort of analysis requires tools such as rhetorical devices and other literary devices which one must memorise to help them in analysing the book in more depth. Studying literature also helps broaden ones imagination as it helps them create images in their head of what for example a character looks like and what the place the story took place looks like. The study of literature also helps in the improvement of reading , composition and vocabulary skills, which one must acquire for the future for things such as applying for a job or writing a personal statement for uni. The study of literature may also be a great way to study and learn about other cultures and societies. Literature students gain a positive and better perception of life. They could read something in a book that might change their life forever thus acquiring better skills in navigating the world. Just like studying normal literature is viewed and being quite important. The study of women's literature is just as important or even more important, due to the fact that one might gain a greater insight in the world in the point of view of women, and how women feel whilst being discriminated against. This is beneficial to not only men but women too. You may think of it as a bit of a history lesson as well, due to the fact that today, one might not come across discrimination against women to the extent that women used to be exposed to during the 1920's or 60's. This, again, gives readers especially men, an insight into the world of women and life in there perspective and how they feel during certain situations. This helps students learn more about women and even increase their skill in dealing with certain type of women. Munro's work was so significant during the 1950's-1980's due to the fact that it was the best time to release such books as it was the time of the women empowerment movement, which motivated women at this era to write about their life and how they feel and life through their perspectives and how the have felt in the past and how they would like to feel in the future. I like Munro due to the fact that I feel like her writing is of very high standards and she creates outstanding short stories which contain very entertaining characters.

Music Anthology Role Play

 2pac "Changes"

   2pac's song "Changes" is no doubt one of the greatest songs to be put out there. "Changes" is initially 2pac's timely meditation about crime, race and politics. It is also known to be about the hard and tough life in the streets. The reason the song is so special is that is sheds light on significantly important problems such as gang violence, racism, drugs, corruption and poverty. Yet what tops it all of is that the song is full of Tupac's own experiences and exploits and also full of his emotions and his passion and the fact that he is so passionate and determined to strive to change these issues which many countries including America is still facing today. 

  In the first couple of lines, Tupac starts the song by saying "I see no changes, wake up in the morning and I ask my self, is like worth living ? Should i blast myself ?". What Pac was trying to imply here is that he still sees no changes in society and that society still continues to deliberately oppress the poor and more specifically the black community. These thoughts going through his head makes him question the value of his own life. He then goes on to say "I'm tired of being poor and even worse I'm black, my stomach hurts so I'm looking for a purse to snatch". This could be interpreted in two ways. One way to think of this is that Pac tries to imply that it is bad enough being any other colour and poor, but then again it is even worse to be black and poor in such an oppressed and racist environment. The other way to think of this is that what Pac was trying to put out is that in the time, being black was worse than being poor, which is unfortunate living in such a harsh and regressive society.These lines could be viewed as a way to illustrate how many black people in America live in such poverty and such a racist and rough society that the lack of jobs and the lack of opportunities gives them the incentive to be do wrong and steal due the fact that they are hungry and so they look for a purse to snatch because they have to motivation or reason to do right so instead they divert to being criminals just to get by. This concept is repeated when he raps "Give the crack to the kids who the hell cares? One less hungry mouth on the welfare." Pac then goes on to say "Cops give a damn about a negro, pull a trigger kill a n**** he's a hero" . This goes out to prove how oppressed the black community is by the corruption of the government as well as the corruption by the police, he's also touching the controversial topic of how African Americans are targeted by the police and if a cop kills a African American male it's not a big deal, intact he could be seen as a hero. In a later verse, Pac goes to mention the fact that no matter where he goes he sees no changes and that all he sees are racists that are holding the world back. He also mentions something very important in the second verse. He says "Take the evil out of people they'll be acting right, cause both black and white are smoking crack tonight". What Pac is implying here is that all races commit crimes yet people won't even think a split second or hesitate to call black people "criminals". He was also trying to imply that if people were able to see the good in each other as opposed to the bad ,which is all the people look for nowadays, the world would be a much better place. Things like war, drugs and poverty are only but a simple dream which Pac mentions as he says "Some things will never change" 

  Tupac wants to inspire his people to join him and take a stand against these issues that are holding his people back. Tupac repeats throughout the song that he sees no changes and truly want to see his people rise and make changes to benefit them. Tupac was more than just a rapper, he was more like an unelected leader for his people, trying to make a change so aid not only the black community, but to help the world become a better place. That is the reason why I believe that this song is no doubt when of the best songs to have been written in history. (Listen to the song below) 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ay9BWM8lwOA 

Paper 2 Practice.

Show how and to what effect Achebe makes use of myth, legend of other stories and tales. 

    Things Fall Apart, centers on the fictional Ibo clan of Umuofia. Umuofia is rich in oral history and highly values individual expression through language. This aspect of the Ibo culture is highlighted through the use of myth, proverbs, and story-telling. This response with explore how Achebe uses these cultural traditions to instill the reader with a better understanding of Ibo culture. Having a greater understanding of Ibo culture helps to bridge the gap between the Western audience and the largely misunderstood cultures of Africa. Through cultural appreciation, all readers can better empathize with the downfall of both the protagonist, Okonkwo, and the Ibo traditional society.

An example is the use of proverbs.Proverbs are short sayings that contain a well-known truth or piece of advice. In the novel, they represent very important snippets of the Ibo culture. All of the facets of Ibo culture, including history, traditions, government structure, and hierarchies, shape these everyday sayings. Thus, Ibo values are reinforced through the ubiquitous use of proverbs. These sayings represent stories of the way of the Igbo people. There is a proverb that is commonly used in the culture and it is " proverbs are the palm oil with which words are eaten." One of the first instances of a myth was in Chapter 7 where Achebe describes to us the internal conflict within Okonkwo's son Nwoye, over preferring his mother's tales but wanting to please his father, "Nwoye knew that it was right to be masculine and violent" . Prior to this, one of Nwoye's favourite myths is recounted, allowing the reader to learn about the quarrel between the Earth and the Sky. As we mentioned earlier, the primary aim that myths like these serve is creating a richer environment for the audience to immerse themselves in. 

Another example of myths and stories  are those in the forms of songs. This form is spread throughout the text, and provides the audience with another form of culture to associate with the Igbo. This would allow a more diverse group to identify with them. The act of including lyrics without accompanying tunes or music, however, can perhaps also be interpreted as a comment by Achebe on the integrity of his text. It's almost as if he is reminding us that no matter how much we sing or read these songs, there is still an element of Igbo culture that has been irreparably lost due to colonisation  This is represented symbolically via the medium of his novel: as a book we cannot include a song within it, and books embody civilization and education (which the colonizers 'brought' to the African people). 

These are only some of the examples that Achebe uses in his novel "things fall apart". 

Paper 2 Practice

• To what extent has an awareness of context enriched or enhanced your understanding of Things Fall Apart?

The novel Things fall apart examines the effect of colonialism on the fictional clan called Umofia which is proclaimed to be in the Southeast of Nigeria. The novel provides a greater understanding of the labyrinthine Igbo culture through the protagonist, Okonkwo. It is important to understand how an awareness of the Igbo culture enriches the reader's understanding of the text. The novel significantly impacts ones understanding of gender roles and gender equality. This response will examine how an understanding of traditional Igbo culture enriches the reader's understanding of masculinity and femininity in Things Fall Apart. Okonkwo is portrayed as a manly, arrogant, strong and fierce character which is what eventually leads to his downfall. Many people truly believe that Okonkwo actually epitomises everything Achebe believed shouldn't be in his characteristics. In the novel there is a drive that truly obliges Okonkwo to become this masculine and fierce person, and it it that he wanted to become everything that his father, Unoka, wasn't. In the story Unoka is portrayed as a friendly person yet he is also portrayed as a coward and usually referred to as un-masculine. 

Some people might believe whilst reading the story that  Okonkwo's ways would seem very sexist and unfair to women. The use of a feminist lens is thus there to support the most precise understanding of the Igbo culture. The novel itself was  set during the 1800s, a time where racism and sexism was conventional world wide. Achebe does not depict the standard society in which we live in due to the fact that this would have made the story seem a bit unrealistic. The descriptions of the oppression of women throughout the novel including wife beating, are needed. Achebe make a genuine note on how the igbo life was before the European colonisation . Achebe points out that life in the igbo world wasn't really a shortcut to nirvana. The reader of Things Fall Apart who generally can't relate to the story has a chance of receiving the wrong interpretation of the cultural context whilst of the contrary, the readers who can relate have a respectful understanding of their traditional culture.They are more forgiving of their own historical misdeeds, such as slavery, because they understand them and have moved on. These readers are not close enough with African culture to engage in such reflections with this novel. Through reading Things Fall Apart with a feminist lens, one can better understand the historical role of gender in the novel.

In the novel  things fall apart , men are portrayed as more powerful and more superior than women. This is visible through the protagonist, Okonkwo, who is very arrogant and has very narrow minded beliefs over gender roles in the Igbo culture. The idea of masculinity in the Igbo culture is reflected through men. The fact that there are some activities that require the attention of men rather than women increases the amount of sexism which is portrayed by Achebe in the text. Women however, are portrayed very differently than men. In the novel women cook food, take care of the house, take care of the children and there are crops which require women's attention. Women, however, are sometimes referred to as Agbala, which means titles man. Okonkwo uses this word to refer to his father, meaning that men are abashed whilst being compared to women. In the Igbo culture, a rich man can have multiple wives which can be processed as a symbol of power. There is also a practice known as wife beating, which shows how it was norm for women to be oppressed in the igbo culture. 

Things fall apart (Okwonwo)

Things fall Apart

How does Okwonko develop themes in the text as a tragic hero ? 

Throughout the novel, Okwonko is portrayed as a powerful, strong and brave character. He's also portrayed as a leader who values his reputation over others. The novel also portrays Okonkwo as a man of action, a man of  high status in the Igbo village. He holds the prominent position of village clansman due to the fact that he had shown incredible skills in two intertribal wars. Okonkwo’s hard work had made him a wealthy farmer and a recognized individual amongst the nine villages of Umuofia and beyond. Okonkwo’s tragic flaw isn’t that he was afraid of work, but rather his fear of weakness and failure which stems from his father’s unproductive life and disgraceful death. When Okwonko's problems start going south, he starts to realise that fate has had a part in his difficult times. He blames the oracle for the death of Ikemfuna, He then almost faces exile as he mistakingly kills Ezeudu's son. He then leaves for seven years. The reason Okwonko is considered a tragic hero is due to the fact that he eventually hung himself which led to a sad and tragic ending Okwonko and the novel. 

Why does Achebe choose a tragic hero for his protagonist in his colonial counter narrative ? 

Achebe establishes the concept that the emotion of pity does not come from a person becoming better but when a person receives undeserved misfortune which is exactly what Okwonko received in his novel, and fear comes when the misfortune befalls a man like us. Okwonko decided to kill himself so that he wouldn't give the colonisers the pride of revenge due to the fact that he knew that they would be after him. Okwonkwo though that if he gathered with the clan leaders they could kick the colonisers out of Umofia, and he was also convinced due to the fact that he thought the people would be convinced due to the burning of the churches etc. Overall the fact that Okwonkwo had an undeserved misfortune such as exile caused fear and the emotion of pity, but the in the same time gave hope to the people and the readers as they though that Okwonkwo was going to come back for revenge but on the contrary, he committed suicide which then cause not only confusion, but a tragic ending for the novel. 

What is the purpose of function on Okwonkwo in thing fall apart ? 

 

As we know from the story, Okwonkwo was a hard working and self respected member of the Umofia clan. Even though Okwonkwo was shown in the novel as a powerful, strong, and fearless fighter who anybody would generally tremble upon, his life was mostly dictated by fear. This made Okwonkwo a realistic character and proved that he had a weak spot which made it easier for some people to relate to him if necessary. In the novel, Okwonkwo attempts to work hard, provide for his family, be brave, and be masculine in every possible way as he also fear femininity. As a result, Okonkwo becomes successful in many ways , he becomes very wealthy, holds a high-ranked position in the community, has three wives, and is known for his skill as a wrestler and warrior. But he also tends toward emotions that are extreme, and his fear motivates him to take actions which are often unnecessary and ultimately destructive. Okwonkwo gave meaning to the story and he was a good person in which at the time people and readers could relate to. 

Practice Paper 1 - Political Speech

The text I will be analysing is President Lyndon B. Johnson's special message to the Congress : The American Promise March 15, 1965.

     It is well known that during the 1960's the African American community had not gained their voting rights. President Johnson encouraged Congress to pass the voting right act. He expressed this through his famous speech "We shall overcome", which was delivered on March 15 , 1965. This speech is identified as a political speech due the fact that it contains features of a speech such as rhetorical devices, persuasion methods, and the use of ethos , pathos and logos.

    The target audience of this speech are the members of Congress however Johnson is also targeting the people of America therefore he is not only asking the Congress to pass the voting right act but also asking the American people. In the text he directs a point to both members of the Congress and others who were present and all the people watching sine he mentions in the text "to all the nation tonight".  This shows that he is not only concerned about the political aspect of the voting issue but the ethical aspect of the issue as well sine he is also attempting to rally the support of the American people. Throughout the speech , and ideal amount of persuasion methods were used. Johnson uses pathos in his speech to get persuade the audience to support his cause. He mentions the amount of violence that was used recently in Alabama which was caused by men and women protesting against their denial for the right to vote. Johnson uses this to persuade the American people and the Congressmen by appealing to their emotions in order to support his cause. In order to do this he seized the opportunity to mention the Selma massacre. He also puts himself into the speech. He implies that he is part of the American people, there he did not only try and make the people view him as the leader of America, but made himself be viewed as part of people of the United States. He uses the word "we" as he considers himself as one of the people. He uses we in the the famous line "We shall overcome". He then again appeals to the audience's emotions as he implies that he too wants something to be done to the situation with the civil rights for the African American people. This adds pathos due to the fact that he includes his emotions with the emotions of the people.

    What gives Johnson more of a reason to recite this speech is the fact that Johnson used to be the Majority Leader in Senate as he worked to help different aspects of the Civil Rights movement of 1957. He believes that American should get rid of its racial discrimination. Johnson refers to different text from American history. He gives examples from the Constitution , and the Emancipation Proclamation to support his arguments. This could be used as an example of logos as he allows the audience to understand and connect the dots between the different periods of time This also is helpful as it is a great way to persuade the members of the Congress as it tells them how the country should be governed whist referring to previous constitutions and supporting his arguments. The tone of the speech is hopeful as he always refers to a better and brighter America. He says what he would like to happen and how he would like america to change but in the same time appealing to the peoples emotions.

   In conclusion, this text uses many rhetorical devices and an ideal amount of persuasion methods that helped persuade the people of Congress and the American people which were his target audience.    
Johnsons speech will be remembered as the speech that helped racism and pass the voting rights to the African American Community.

Practice IOC

https://soundcloud.com/mohamed-abousen/ioc Practice IOC.

IOC practice

The tempest act 3 scene 2 analysis (IOP practice). https://soundcloud.com/mohamed-abousen/tempest

IOC practice

The tempest act 3 scene 2 analysis (IOP practice). https://soundcloud.com/mohamed-abousen/tempest

Most Meaningful Takeaway

How To Tame A Wild Tongue 

The whole article was great and had a lot of quotes and meanings, but what my group and I found most intriguing was a quote that really hit me. "So, if you really want to hurt me, talk badly about my language". Anzaldua also mentioned   "Ethnic identity is twin to linguistic identity- I am my language". This shows how much Anzaldua takes pride in her language. As mentioned before in class, a person's language and culture is what defines, without culture or a language, you will not belong anywhere and you will not have an identity. This is of the main reasons Anzaldua doesn't want to let her language leave. 

Another way Anzaldua connects language to identity is by using historical details to show how changes in the Chicano language affected the people as a whole. She makes various distinctions between Chicano Spanish and the standard Spanish spoken in Mexico and most other parts of the world. She makes the point that the new language came out of necessity because Chicanos didn’t feel a connection to either American English or Mexican Spanish, and they had no other way to connect themselves and to identify themselves as a people than by creating a new language to bond them together. The new language became an integral part of Chicano identity as it helped the people identify themselves with others of their ethnicity. Later on in the essay, Anzaldua alludes to various Chicano musicians,writers, and even films made her feel more pride not only in the Chicano language, but in herself, showing the strong connection between language and identity. 

Where do we see evidence of linguistic imperialism in the Anglophone world?

What is linguistic imperialism ? The basic meaning of linguistic imperialism is the transfer of a dominant language to other people and in this case the dominant language is the English language. In our rapidly globalising world today, the English language is becoming the most dominant language in the world. There appeared a number of modern purposes, determining the predominant position of the English language and allowing to retain its importance in the world society. My own opinion is that all people must know English to a certain degree to use as a common language throughout the world, but learn their native language as well. The most important factor in the majority of English speaking people, from whom English is their native language. Another important factor is that knowing English gives people great opportunities for studying, business, international career and travelling. English is a language of international community. It is in its way of world society of the epoch of globalisation  The number of people in the world speaking English is more than one billion people, only a quarter of them consider English as their mother language. Today we see that English seriously strengthens its positions as the language of international communication not only is Europe, but in the whole world. As evidence, today the international conferences, symposiums are held mainly in English. Most universities around the world demand applications in correct formal English. One of the main reasons that children abandon their native language (which is one of the main causes for the extinction of languages) is due to the fact of them being too lazy to learn it or due to them being embarrassed to speak it in public. In an Indian boarding school, the students were not aloud to speak their native languages. When a person abandons their native language, they abandon their culture and more importantly their identity. UAE is arab country yet in all the school here, Mathematics ,Sciences and other subjects , are all taught in English. I speak more English at home than Arabic even though my parents are Arab. When people go out in this country the majority speak English not arabic. That is due to the fact that they are being taught to speak English in school. That is why Education is an example to where we see linguistic imperialism in the world today. 

Oxfam International - Food crisis in Sahel.

The text is created by Oxfam International and was published in 2011. It discusses the impending food crises in Sahel. The author begins the article with a brief summary of what the article is actually about. Whilst taking a closer look at the article, there is a sense of advertising for the charity Oxfam rather than informing people about the crisis. The author is yet undeniably informing the audience of the food crisis in Sahel and what is being done to aid this problem, but they are as well trying to make the people donate to this organisation. The text was made for those with a strive to aid for the organisation. The style of the text is not formal, thus implying that the text is for everyone to read making it easier to be read by people of all ages. The text is not intended towards a specific gender. 

In the beginning of the article, harsh images shows the people and the harsh conditions they are living in. This is shared to the people reading the text making them feel bad and in a way persuading them to give money to the organisation.  The text then speaks about the images and the crisis and basically the problem is summarised. The style in which the author writes the text is very persuasive as it talks about the situation in Sahel and what they are doing to fix it. He mixes up a serious text with a persuasive text to make the reader really think about what he is reading. One of the many ways he persuades the audience is by using logos. The author uses many numbers and statistics in the text to help persuade the readers. 

 

Although the author uses a lot of logos in his text, ethos is used as well to change the mood of the text and appeal to the readers emotions. The style in which the author writes in the text is as, I mentioned before ,  very persuasive. It is obvious that the author intends to reach world wide readers for the text is not as formal. The author uses many persuasive techniques in the text which helps the fact that the text isn't only to inform the people but to let them pay money to the organisation. The author adds sentences such as "In Chad 13 out of 22 regions could be affected by this food crisis". This makes the reader really feel sorry for the people and feel bad if they don't donate. 

As I mentioned before, images are shown in the beginning of the video which really makes people feel for the people. Even though the article seems more like an ad for the organisation, it does well to inform the people about the problems and about how to aid the people and help educate the readers about the situation in Sahel.